If you were asked to go and take a picture of a book, it might seem like a simple task. Some words are more directly related to a concept or idea than others. But it requires you to use context and often other words to generate shared meaning. This process of abstracting, of leaving things out, allows you to communicate more effectively because it serves as a shorthand that keeps you from having a completely unmanageable language filled with millions of words-each referring to one specific thing (Hayakawa & Hayakawa, 1990). If you follow a concept up the ladder of abstraction, more and more of the “essence” of the original object is lost or left out, which leaves more room for interpretation, which can lead to misunderstanding. The ladder of abstraction is a model used to illustrate how language can range from concrete to abstract. This ability to simplify concepts makes it easier to communicate, but it sometimes makes you lose track of the specific meaning you are trying to convey through abstraction. They may describe an important idea or concept, but the very act of labeling and invoking a word simplifies and distorts your concept of the thing itself. Words represent aspects of our human environment, and can play an important role in that environment. Words have two types of meanings: denotative and connotative. You have to negotiate the meaning of the word “home,” and define it, through visual images or dialogue, in order to communicate with your audience.
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The arbitrary symbols, including letters, numbers, and punctuation marks, stand for concepts in your experience.
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Humans give meaning to them, and their meanings change across time. You may need to state a word, define it, and provide an example in order to come to an understanding with your audience about the meaning of your message.Īs discussed previously, words, by themselves, do not have any inherent meaning. Words often require you to negotiate meaning, or to explain what you mean in more than one way, in order to create a common vocabulary.
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Words attempt to represent the ideas you want to communicate, but they are sometimes limited by factors beyond your control. Your cultural context or community may hold different meanings for the words used – different from meanings that the source communicator intended. Syntax – Green is on the bottom, yellow in the middle, and red on top.Įven when you follow these linguistic rules, miscommunication is possible. Semantics – Green means Go, and Red means Stop
#PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL TECHNIQUES MSBTE BOOK HOW TO#
Semantic Rules – govern the meaning of words and how to interpret them (Martinich, 1996).Ĭontextual Rules – govern meaning and word choice according to context and social custom.Ĭonsider the example of a traffic light as follows: Syntactic Rules – govern the order of words in a sentence. There are three types of rules that govern or control your use of words. Words only carry meaning if you know the understood meaning and have a grasp of their context to interpret them correctly. The words themselves have meaning within their specific context or language community. Language Has RulesĪs mentioned earlier in this chapter, language is a system of symbols, words, and/or gestures used to communicate meaning. Whether it’s a simple conversation with a coworker or a formal sales presentation to a board of directors, these principles apply to all contexts of communication.
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In this section, you’ll examine each principle and explore how it influences everyday communication. Verbal communication is based on several basic principles. Chapter 2: Delivering Your Message 12 Principles of Verbal Communication